The OLS and … But an UNCTAD study highlights how each can overcome geographical remoteness and transform the structures of their economies, which have become increasingly geared towards exporting commodities to their neighbours. HHI is the Her ndahl index for trade diversi cation. World. This Dataset presents product concentration and diversification indices. The Export Diversification Database has three main indicators: the Export Diversification Index, the Extensive Margin, and the Intensive Margin. UNCTAD/STAT/IE/2019/1 . Achieving structural transformation and export diversification requires the building of productive capacities. Several other indices are closely correlated with the Herfindahl-Hirschman index: the Finger-Kreinin export diversification index (UNCTAD), the IMF’s export diversification index based on Theil’s index, the IMF´s product quality index, and the economic complexity index developed by … From democracy to diversification Polity2 index of democracy and economic diversification (Theil index) Freedom House index of political rights and export diversification (Finger-Kreininindex) Democracy (Polity2) 1960-2012 Economic diversification index 1962-2010 Political rights (Freedom House) 1972-2014 Statistic N Mean St. Dev. UNCTAD’s recent study, Export Diversification and Employment (UNCTAD/ALDC/2018/3) further argues that, in the case of Africa, there is a direct link between the “poor state of export diversification and the dismal nature of employment creation”. • IMF index of export diversification – what you export • Theil index: Sum of measures of diversity across sectors (vertical diversity or extensive margin, meaning new export products or new ... UNCTAD measures of diversification and concentration 1995concentration 1995- ---20132013 We first create dummy variables to define each product as “Traditional,” “New,” or “Non-traded.” The index This index measures the country's export divergence from the world's diversification patterns. UNCTAD Development and Globalization: Facts and Figures 2016 is dedicated to the Sustainable Development Goals that were adopted by the United Nations in September 2015. ound a Herfindahl index using export data s. The Herfindahl index equals the sum of ... International Trade Center. EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION 591. The countries’ diversification index show whether the structure of exports or imports by product differs from the world trade structure for that specific product. The product concentration index shows how exports and imports of individual countries or country groupings are concentrated on a few products or otherwise distributed in a more homogeneous manner among a series of products. The Export Quality Database contains export quality measures across different aggregation levels of export products. 3 Table 1. The export diversification (DX) index for a country is defined as: DX j = (sum |h ij – x i |) / 2. Herfindahl Hirschman index of product concentration of exports, 1995-2017. Export concentration and stages of development 23 Figure 1.5. Developing countries that depend on commodities ought to pursue diversification strategies to address the adverse effects of price volatility in international markets, was the key message during UNCTAD’s meeting on commodities and development on 15 April in Geneva, Switzerland. We analyzed the effect and the nature of the relationship between Export diversification and economic growth. It provides indicators along four different dimensions of trade performance: (i) the composition, orientation, and growth of exports and imports, (ii) the degree of export diversification across products and markets, (iii) the level of sophistication of a country's main exports, and (iv) the survival rate of its export relationships. International investment rulemaking is taking place at the bilateral, regional, interregional and multilateral levels. Similarly, there has been no improvement in the diversification of the export structure. Diversification and Sophistication of Livestock Products: the Case of African Countries Nadège Désirée Yameogo1, Tiguéné Nabassaga2 and Mthuli Ncube3 1 Senior Research Economist, African Development Bank ( [email protected] ) 2 Consultant, African Development Bank ( [email protected]) 3 Chief Economist and Vice President, African Development Bank ( [email protected] ) Export data is from UNCTAD’s COMTRADE database at the HS6 level (4’991 lines).3 The baseline sample covers 156 countries representing all regions and all ... ∑ represents the cumulative export shares. diversify their exports, so as to build productive capacities and achieve structural transformation. The Herfindahl index, normalized to range be-tween zero and one, is s k being the share of export line k (with amount exported x k) in total exports and n is the num-ber of export lines (omitting country and time subscripts). Against this background, UNCTAD will present the initial findings of a study of the potential for export diversification in four Asia-Pacific LLDCs: Bhutan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Turkmenistan. Compound annual growth rate of domestic value added, foreign value added and exports Asia. Our paper provide evidence on the relationship between export diversification and economic growth for the fifteen (15) countries of ECOWAS states from 2005 to 2015. This is aggravated by their very weak levels of resilience. Import … during the last couple of decades. UNCTAD's Least Developed Countries report says the pandemic has hit least developed countries very hard because collectively they are the world's most vulnerable economies. Using the dynamic panel data estimate method, we found that export diversification impact economic growth in … Measurement of Export Diversification Indices Theil Index We calculate the overall, intensive (within), and extensive (between) Theil indices following the definitions and methods used in Cadot et al. Summary Statistics for Cadot et al. Export data are from UNCTAD’s COMTRADE database at the HS6 level (4,991 lines) ... l represents the cumulative export shares. The index ranges from 0 to 1, with values closer to 1 indicating a bigger difference from the world average and hence a relatively more concentrated economy. They have the least financial and institutional means to react to external shocks such as the ongoing pandemic. Revealed comparative advantage by HS Section; Trade in value added. Note: The diversification index shows whether the structure of exports by product of a given country differs from the world average. The diversification index indicates whether the structure of exports or imports by product of a given country or country group differs from the world pattern. EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION: IS THERE ANYTHING TO THE HUMP? The Theil export diversification index represents the sum of measures of diversity across sectors (i.e., the vertical diversity or extensive margin, implying new exported products or new export destinations) and diversity within sectors (horizontal diversity or intensive margin, meaning a larger volume of exports of old products). Higher values for the all three indices indicate lower diversification. Diversification. Some countries have made great efforts to diversify their export basket Beyond stabilizing export revenues and reducing the impact of changes international prices on of terms of trade, export diversification can also contribute to higher economic growth by enhancing UNCTAD's Work Programme on International Investment Agreements (IIAs) actively assists policymakers, government officials and other IIA stakeholders to reform IIAs with a view to making them more conducive to sustainable development and inclusive growth. Source: UNCTAD. Herfindahl concentration index. The following formula for the Gini index is used: X k representing the cumulative export shares. Where h ij is the share of commodity i in the total exports of country j and hi is the share of the commodity in world exports. The diversification index indicates whether the structure of exports or imports by product of a given country or country group differs from the world pattern. Overlap trade and country-similarity index vis-à-vis Germany, 2004 20 Figure 1.3. B. Parametric Evidence Figure 1 depicts curves representing predicted values of Export diversification index; Export quality index; Number of export items and markets; Number of import items and suppliers; Revealed comparative advantage. Source: UNCTAD Intrastat. Africa. The product concentration index shows how exports and imports of individual countries or country groups are concentrated on a few products or otherwise distributed in a more homogeneous manner among a series of products. Chart 13. Figure 1.2. The findings The diversification index indicates whether the structure of exports or imports by product of a given country or country group differs from the world pattern. export diversification at the time of slowbalisation However, this increase mostly reflected the growth acceleration and structural transformation of a handful of emerging economies in … The study used the DX Diversification Index (UNCTAD). UNCTAD’s new Productive Capacities Index (PCI), which will provide LLDCs with a new tool to benchmark their development performance, and; ... export diversification … Latin America & Caribbean. (2011). Central Asian nations Bhutan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Turkmenistan face economic challenges common to landlocked developing countries. Decomposition of the export growth of 99 developing countries, 1995–2004 22 Figure 1.4. The purchasing power index of exports measures the volume of imports that can be financed by the exports. Contrast in export diversification patterns across developing regions (1995-2017) DIV = export diversification index (1– HHI); av erage for the period (data end in 2002) RX*DIV = diversification-weighted ra te of growth of per capita exports in export shares. (2011) Replication.